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LUDWIG VAN BEETHOVEN (1770-1827)
Overture: Namensfeier (Name-Day), Op. 115
Beethoven wrote a number of overtures for a variety of occasions: four famously for his one opera, others for performances of plays or ceremonial occasions like the opening of a new theatre. This one he originally called ‘overture for any occasion or concert use’, but he quickly found an occasion for it in the birthday of the Emperor Franz in 1815.
It is a high-spirited piece with strong rhythms and abrupt little themes. After an imposing introduction the main section is in a bustling 6/8 time, which probably accounts for the fact that in France it was first published under the title ‘The Hunt’.
FELIX MENDELSSOHN (1809-47)
Violin Concerto in E minor, Op. 64
1. Allegro molto appassionato, leading to
2. Andante, leading, via allegretto non troppo, to
3. Allegro molto vivace
Composed in 1844 this was Mendelssohn’s last major work for orchestra and has always been a favourite with the public. It is lighter and more intimate than concertos on the Beethoven model. The main theme of the first movement is given out immediately by the soloist with no long orchestral introduction or grand soloistic flourishes (as in Beethoven’s ‘Emperor’ concerto which we played in our last concert).
One novel feature is that although there are the traditional three movements Mendelssohn did not want any breaks, let alone applause, between them. After the final chord of the first movement a bassoon holds on a note which expands into a little bridge passage to get us into the mood and key of the slow movement. At the end of this there is another link passage to prepare us for the vigorous finale.
RICHARD STRAUSS (1864-1949)
Serenade for wind instruments, Op. 7
Strauss’s father was a professional horn player so it is no surprise that young Richard showed early talent for writing music for wind instruments. This serenade was composed when he was only 17. It attracted the attention of the famous conductor Hans von Bülow and was the first of Strauss’s works to be performed at all widely.
It is a short work in a single andante movement scored, like Mozart’s great serenade, for 13 players: 2 flutes, 2 oboes, 2 clarinets, 2 bassoons, 4 horns and a double bass instrument, either bassoon, tuba or, as today, string bass.
Von Bülow and his players obviously enjoyed performing it since Strauss was commissioned to write another longer piece for the same combination, his Suite in B flat.
LUDWIG VAN BEETHOVEN (1770-1827)
Symphony No 1 in C, Op. 21
1. Adagio molto leading to Allegro con brio.
2. Andante cantabile con moto.
3. Menuetto: allegro molto e vivace.
4. Adagio leading to Allegro molto e vivace.
Beethoven was something of a late starter with orchestral music. He was already 30 when he completed this first symphony in 1800. He had already published quite a collection of piano and chamber music but had written little for orchestra apart from two piano concertos (for himself to play). The symphony is a very lively work, owing a lot to Haydn but with its feet firmly on the threshold of a new century. It has been called ‘a farewell to the 18th century’. Beethoven dedicated it to Baron van Swieten who had been a great patron of Mozart’s.
The opening slow introduction sets out to puzzle the listener as to what key the piece is going to be in, but the lively allegro that follows leaves us in no doubt. The slow movement is the most obviously indebted to Haydn, from whom Beethoven had had lessons. Its theme has been called ‘kittenish’. The menuetto is really a scherzo. The last movement opens with a tease. Just how far up are the violins trying to go? and then what? What follows was in fact originally intended as the first movement.
The symphony was an immediate success with the public and was soon widely performed even reaching England in 1803.
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